Mosh reqires UDP 60000-61000 to be open and accent connections for it to work. Here is the iptables rule to add that:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 60000:61000 -j ACCEPT
Don’t forget to save the config once you are done, on CentOS the command to save the iptables config to disk is:
service iptables save